What the Trust Services Criteria actually ask for
The security criteria are written as objectives. They ask whether you identify vulnerabilities in your system, whether you evaluate them, and whether you act on what you find. The common criteria covering risk assessment, monitoring of controls and detection of security events are the ones a tester's report ends up supporting.
Because the criteria are objectives, your auditor decides what evidence satisfies them. That is the entire mechanism behind "SOC 2 requires a pentest": it does not, but a penetration test report is the evidence most auditors recognize fastest for the vulnerability identification objective.
Why a test is usually the cheapest way to satisfy the objective
You can satisfy a vulnerability identification objective with a documented internal programme: scheduled scanning, triage records, remediation tickets with dates, and evidence the loop closes. That is legitimate and some companies run it well.
It is also more work to evidence than one independent report. An external test gives the auditor a dated artifact from a party with no stake in the result, which is why it tends to be the path of least resistance rather than the path of least cost.
Type 1 and Type 2 change the timing, not the requirement
A Type 1 report describes your controls at a point in time. A Type 2 report tests whether they operated effectively across a period, typically several months.
This matters for scheduling. For a Type 2, evidence has to fall inside the observation window, so a test run before the window opened may not count for that period. Ask your auditor where the window starts before booking, not after.
What to ask your auditor before you buy anything
These four questions settle the scope and stop you buying the wrong engagement. They take one email.
- Which criteria are you expecting the test report to support?
- Does a vulnerability assessment satisfy them, or do you specifically want exploitation evidence?
- Which systems have to be in scope, and does that include internal networks or only the product?
- For a Type 2, when does the observation window open and close?
How CyberArc fits a SOC 2 timeline
The engagement produces a written report with every finding ranked by severity and the remediation steps, which is the form auditors ask for. One retest is included, so findings you fix can be shown as closed rather than open.
Scope is agreed and signed first. If your auditor has told you which criteria the report must support, bring that to the scoping call and the scope gets written to match it.

